IEBUILDING - Revision history

Laurent.drouet: /* Model Development */

2024-05-05T14:53:11Z

Model Development

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:53, 5 May 2024
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	* Funding: The development of the model was funded by the Dutch "[https://www.pbl.nl/monitoring-circulaire-economie Werkprogramma monitoring en sturing circulaire economie]"		* Funding: The development of the model was funded by the Dutch "[https://www.pbl.nl/monitoring-circulaire-economie Werkprogramma monitoring en sturing circulaire economie]"
	* Documentation: In-file & on this site		* Documentation: In-file & on this site
	* Source code: [https://surfdrive.surf.nl/files/index.php/s/~~Gwl2dawZLlzfrWm~~ download]		* Source code: [https://surfdrive.surf.nl/files/index.php/s/cHmrd5EFC6Zxcnt/download download]

	== Circular Economy Features ==		== Circular Economy Features ==

Sebastiaan.deetman: /* Model Development */ Addded funding description

2023-10-18T08:17:54Z

Model Development: Addded funding description

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:17, 18 October 2023
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	* Status: Finished		* Status: Finished
	* Environment: MS Excel		* Environment: MS Excel
			* Funding: The development of the model was funded by the Dutch "[https://www.pbl.nl/monitoring-circulaire-economie Werkprogramma monitoring en sturing circulaire economie]"
	* Documentation: In-file & on this site		* Documentation: In-file & on this site
	* Source code: [https://surfdrive.surf.nl/files/index.php/s/Gwl2dawZLlzfrWm download]		* Source code: [https://surfdrive.surf.nl/files/index.php/s/Gwl2dawZLlzfrWm download]

Laurent.drouet: /* Circular Economy Features */

2023-09-04T12:59:44Z

Circular Economy Features

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:59, 4 September 2023
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	== Circular Economy Features ==		== Circular Economy Features ==

	The simple discussion model allows to assess the effects of building construction on total material use by representing the demand for construction materials (kg/yr), the size of the in-use stocks (kg) as well as tracking the volume of demolition waste flows by material (kg/yr). The total waste flows are complemented with simple assumptions on '''recycling''' practices, which allow to assess the potential effects of higher '''recycling''' rates in the construction sector. Adjusting the model drivers or the floor space price allows to assess the effects of '''rethink'''ing the ever growing need for floor space by assuming smaller houses or lower per capita floor space demand.		The simple discussion model allows to assess the effects of building construction on total material use by representing the demand for construction materials (kg/yr), the size of the in-use stocks (kg) as well as tracking the volume of demolition waste flows by material (kg/yr). The total waste flows are complemented with simple assumptions on '''recycling''' practices, which allow to assess the potential effects of higher '''recycling''' rates in the construction sector ([[Recycle (R8)]]). Adjusting the model drivers or the floor space price allows to assess the effects of '''rethink'''ing the ever growing need for floor space by assuming smaller houses or lower per capita floor space demand ([[Rethink (R1)]]).

	The model is mostly suited however, to show the effect of '''reducing''' material demand through construction material substitution, for example the substitution of typical construction practices based on steel & concrete by wood-based alternatives.		The model is mostly suited however, to show the effect of '''reducing''' material demand through construction material substitution, for example the substitution of typical construction practices based on steel & concrete by wood-based alternatives ([[Reduce (R2)]]).

	=== CE strategies and connection with climate change mitigation. ===		=== CE strategies and connection with climate change mitigation. ===

Sebastiaan.deetman: /* Completion of main text (1st iteration) */

2023-09-03T20:29:38Z

Completion of main text (1st iteration)

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:29, 3 September 2023
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	~~[UNDER DEVELOPMENT]~~

	== General Scope and Connection with Climate Mitigation ==		== General Scope and Connection with Climate Mitigation ==

	=== Introduction ===		=== Introduction ===

	The simple MS Excel model served as input to a discussion on how macro-economic representation of Circular Economy strategies relevant to building construction could be improved based on available Industrial Ecology data (such as material intensities per unit of ~~floorspace~~) and tools (such as dynamic stock modelling).		The simple MS Excel model served as input to a discussion on how macro-economic representation of Circular Economy strategies relevant to building construction could be improved based on available Industrial Ecology data (such as material intensities per unit of floor space) and tools (such as dynamic stock modelling).

	The reason for focusing on buildings only, in this example model, is that buildings comprise an important part of in-use material stocks (so their production is responsible for a large share of greenhouse gas emissions) and their long lifetimes cause a typical lag between material demand (for construction) and waste-generation (after demolishing). This is an important dynamic when studying the potential for a Circular Economy (or a circular construction sector) that is typically missing in macro-economic modelling. This model explores which steps and what data would be required for economic models to better capture these explicit material-related stock dynamics, with buildings as an example.		The reason for focusing on buildings only, in this example model, is that buildings comprise an important part of in-use material stocks (so their production is responsible for a large share of greenhouse gas emissions) and their long lifetimes cause a typical lag between material demand (for construction) and waste-generation (after demolishing). This is an important dynamic when studying the potential for a Circular Economy (or a circular construction sector) that is typically missing in macro-economic modelling. This model explores which steps and what data would be required for economic models to better capture these explicit material-related stock dynamics, with buildings as an example.
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	The model provides a hypothetical example-setup - in an Input-Output Table data structure - that starts with the assumption that it is possible to dis-aggregate the economic data on the construction sector into building-related construction & other construction activities (mostly related to infrastructure). This should be possible based on NACE rev. 2 classification (building-related construction activities are tracked under code F41), and would allow to connect to a wealth of knowledge on building-related material demand in the research field of Industrial Ecology that often relate building material use to the physical floor space (in square meters) of the buildings. So, the model exemplifies an attempt to bridge the level of detail typically found in economic models (left side, typically in monetary terms or $/yr) and the higher level of detail typically found in Industrial Ecology models (right side, typically expressed in physical units, such as kg or square meter of floor space), as shown in the figure below.		The model provides a hypothetical example-setup - in an Input-Output Table data structure - that starts with the assumption that it is possible to dis-aggregate the economic data on the construction sector into building-related construction & other construction activities (mostly related to infrastructure). This should be possible based on NACE rev. 2 classification (building-related construction activities are tracked under code F41), and would allow to connect to a wealth of knowledge on building-related material demand in the research field of Industrial Ecology that often relate building material use to the physical floor space (in square meters) of the buildings. So, the model exemplifies an attempt to bridge the level of detail typically found in economic models (left side, typically in monetary terms or $/yr) and the higher level of detail typically found in Industrial Ecology models (right side, typically expressed in physical units, such as kg or square meter of floor space), as shown in the figure below.
	[[File:Construction sector classification.png\|thumb]]		[[File:Construction sector classification.png\|thumb]]
	The MS Excel model links the monetary and the physical data by assuming that sectoral activity related to building construction leads to a given total amount of added building floor space by assuming a fixed floor space price. The total amount of floor space is then further dis-aggregated into residential and commercial floor space as informed by (Deetman et al., 2020). This allows to implement a different lifetime dynamic & different material-composition to the two different building classes (residential & commercial). The implications for material use are subsequently calculated by applying material intensities in terms of kg per square meter (kg/m<sup>2</sup>) for 3 different commercial building types and 3 different residential building types, each with 4 possible construction types. These assumed building practices can be changed over time to represent the effects of material substitution.		The MS Excel model links the monetary and the physical data by assuming that sectoral activity related to building construction leads to a given total amount of added building floor space by assuming a fixed floor space price. The total amount of floor space is then further dis-aggregated into residential and commercial floor space as informed by (Deetman et al., 2020). This allows to implement a different lifetime dynamic & different material-composition (adjusted from Marinova et al., 2020) to the two different building classes (residential & commercial). The implications for material use are subsequently calculated by applying material intensities in terms of kg per square meter (kg/m<sup>2</sup>) for 3 different commercial building types and 3 different residential building types, each with 4 possible construction types. These assumed building practices can be changed over time to represent the effects of material substitution.

	=== Model Scope ===		=== Model Scope ===
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	* Environment: MS Excel		* Environment: MS Excel
	* Documentation: In-file & on this site		* Documentation: In-file & on this site
	* Source code:		* Source code: [https://surfdrive.surf.nl/files/index.php/s/Gwl2dawZLlzfrWm download]

	== Circular Economy Features ==		== Circular Economy Features ==
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	=== CE strategies and connection with climate change mitigation. ===		=== CE strategies and connection with climate change mitigation. ===
	The model allows to assess the reduction potential in terms of reduced material ~~inputs into~~ the construction sector. ~~The~~ implications in terms of Greenhouse Gas emissions are not explicitly covered in the simple discussion model, but (if required) could be explored in the same way as done in the example by (Zhang et al., 2021).		The model allows to assess the reduction potential in terms of reduced material use in the construction sector. Including the consequences for the anticipated volume of waste materials from demolition & deconstruction activities, thus allowing to assess the circularity gap of the construction sector. However, the implications in terms of Greenhouse Gas emissions are not explicitly covered in the simple discussion model, but (if required) could be explored in the same way as done in the example by (Zhang et al., 2021).

	=== Synergies and trade-off between the R word in the context of the stylized model ===		=== Synergies and trade-off between the R word in the context of the stylized model ===
			While the simple discussion model can be used to assess the complementary potential of different circular construction practices (e.g. through simultaneous implementation of material substitution & building lifetime extension strategies) the model does not allow to assess economic trade-offs such as rebound effects as it does not deal with costs.

	== Insights for Analytical Framework ==		== Insights for Analytical Framework ==

	~~This section should highlight~~ the ~~features relevant for~~ the ~~CIRCOMOD analytical framework~~. ~~They should be linked with~~ the ~~previous section which provide more details.~~		The simple discussion model was designed to facilitate discussion and explore the potential to link macro-economic models to detailed data on physical stocks & flows of materials, as common to the industrial ecology research field. The example model, focused on the material use in buildings, showed that through dis-aggregation of the construction sector to distinguish specific building-related activity, it is possible to connect to floor space related data and statistics to further explore the material used in the construction of buildings. In the example model, this is done by using a parallel, exogenous, accounting of different building types, starting with the dis-aggregation of residential & commercial buildings, and then a further dis-aggregation of building & construction types based on literature, which allows to assess the potential of various circular construction practices on the use of various materials in a dynamic context.
	* Key mechanisms and ~~interactions within CE strategies that lead~~ to ~~changes~~ in ~~GHG emissions~~.
	* Tool exploration (demonstrating ideas before implementing them in large-~~scale quantitative models)~~
	* Communication key CE dynamics (to the ~~broader audience)~~

	~~== Refinement~~, ~~Integration~~, ~~Future Development ==~~		This exploration demonstrates the importance of capturing building stock dynamics in macro-economic modelling as it shows the implications of continued expansion of building stocks on material demand, and it shows that the availability of recyclable demolition scrap is stongly subject to the inertia of stocks with long lifetimes, as is the case for buildings. This has implications for recycling rates as well as potential effects to future markets for secondary materials, both may be relevant to capture in macro-economic models dealing with long term implications of a circular economy.

	The ~~following sections are optional~~ and ~~should~~ be ~~completed only if they are relevant~~.		While these are insights that will be further incorporated into the available models and explored throughout the CIRCOMOD scenarios, the discussion model also led to a more fundamental observation to do with the question ‘What drives demand for construction?’. The model elaborates two distinct assumptions regarding this question. Through the first line of though (inspired by industrial ecology literature), the given population change leads to a changing requirement for total in-use floor space that needs to be subsequently provided through additional construction activity. This could be referred to as a mostly stock-driven model. The second line of thought (rooted in a more macro-economic thinking) assumes that the given change in the population affects the sectoral economic activity, including the activity in the construction sector, which leads to a change in new building construction that subsequently leads to a build-up of a corresponding total stock (in terms of building floor space & the associated weight of the materials). The latter is referred to as a mostly inflow-driven model. While the discussion model does not deal with a preference for either of these two lines of thought, it does show how these different assumptions on drivers lead to distinctly different results, especially with regard to the speed at which the building stock size, the material demand and scrap generation respond to changes in the population. Keeping an awareness of such fundamental differences in assumptions on key model drivers could be important in explaining and understanding the outcomes of different models throughout the CIRCOMOD project.

	==~~= Refinement process =~~==		== Sources ==

	~~Please describe how the stylized model will be improved/refined in the CIRCOMOD project.~~

	~~=== Integration ===~~

	~~Highlight the features to be integrated in larger model in the CIRCOMOD project~~.		'''Deetman et al. 2020''' - "Modelling global material stocks and flows for residential and service sector buildings towards 2050", Journal of Cleaner Production, Volume 245, 1 February 2020, 118658, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118658

	~~=== Future features of the model ===~~		'''Marinova et al. 2020''' - "Global construction materials database and stock analysis of residential buildings between 1970-2050", Journal of Cleaner Production, Volume 245, 1 February 2020, 119146 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119146

	~~Not yet implemented, planned model developments, if any.~~

	~~== Sources ==~~


	'''~~Deetman~~ et al. 2020''' - "~~Modelling global material stocks~~ and ~~flows for~~ residential ~~and service sector~~ buildings ~~towards~~ 2050", Journal of Cleaner Production, Volume 245, 1 February 2020, ~~118658,~~ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.~~118658~~

	'''Zhang et al. 2021''' - "Global greenhouse gas emissions from residential and commercial building materials and mitigation strategies to 2060" ''Nature Commun''ications Volume 12, 6126 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-26212-z		'''Zhang et al. 2021''' - "Global greenhouse gas emissions from residential and commercial building materials and mitigation strategies to 2060" ''Nature Commun''ications Volume 12, 6126 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-26212-z

Sebastiaan.deetman: /* Setting-up Documentation 2 */

2023-08-31T08:31:54Z

Setting-up Documentation 2

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:31, 31 August 2023
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	The simple MS Excel model served as input to a discussion on how macro-economic representation of Circular Economy strategies relevant to building construction could be improved based on available Industrial Ecology data (such as material intensities per unit of floorspace) and tools (such as dynamic stock modelling).		The simple MS Excel model served as input to a discussion on how macro-economic representation of Circular Economy strategies relevant to building construction could be improved based on available Industrial Ecology data (such as material intensities per unit of floorspace) and tools (such as dynamic stock modelling).

	The reason for focusing on buildings only, in this example model, is that buildings comprise an important part of in-use material stocks and their long lifetimes cause a typical lag between material demand (for construction) and waste-generation (after demolishing). This is an important dynamic when studying the potential for a Circular Economy (or a circular construction sector) that is typically missing in macro-economic modelling. This model explores which steps and what data would be required for economic models to better capture these explicit material-related stock dynamics, with buildings as an example.		The reason for focusing on buildings only, in this example model, is that buildings comprise an important part of in-use material stocks (so their production is responsible for a large share of greenhouse gas emissions) and their long lifetimes cause a typical lag between material demand (for construction) and waste-generation (after demolishing). This is an important dynamic when studying the potential for a Circular Economy (or a circular construction sector) that is typically missing in macro-economic modelling. This model explores which steps and what data would be required for economic models to better capture these explicit material-related stock dynamics, with buildings as an example.

	The model provides a hypothetical example-setup - in an Input-Output Table data structure - that starts with the assumption that it is possible to dis-aggregate the economic data on the construction sector into building-related construction & other construction activities (mostly related to infrastructure). This should be possible based on NACE rev. 2 classification (building-related construction activities are tracked under code F41), and would allow to connect to a wealth of knowledge on building-related material demand in the research field of Industrial Ecology that often relate building material use to the physical ~~floorspace~~ (in square meters) of the buildings.		The model provides a hypothetical example-setup - in an Input-Output Table data structure - that starts with the assumption that it is possible to dis-aggregate the economic data on the construction sector into building-related construction & other construction activities (mostly related to infrastructure). This should be possible based on NACE rev. 2 classification (building-related construction activities are tracked under code F41), and would allow to connect to a wealth of knowledge on building-related material demand in the research field of Industrial Ecology that often relate building material use to the physical floor space (in square meters) of the buildings. So, the model exemplifies an attempt to bridge the level of detail typically found in economic models (left side, typically in monetary terms or $/yr) and the higher level of detail typically found in Industrial Ecology models (right side, typically expressed in physical units, such as kg or square meter of floor space), as shown in the figure below.
			[[File:Construction sector classification.png\|thumb]]
			The MS Excel model links the monetary and the physical data by assuming that sectoral activity related to building construction leads to a given total amount of added building floor space by assuming a fixed floor space price. The total amount of floor space is then further dis-aggregated into residential and commercial floor space as informed by (Deetman et al., 2020). This allows to implement a different lifetime dynamic & different material-composition to the two different building classes (residential & commercial). The implications for material use are subsequently calculated by applying material intensities in terms of kg per square meter (kg/m<sup>2</sup>) for 3 different commercial building types and 3 different residential building types, each with 4 possible construction types. These assumed building practices can be changed over time to represent the effects of material substitution.

	=== Model Scope ===		=== Model Scope ===
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	== Circular Economy Features ==		== Circular Economy Features ==

	~~This section provide~~ the ~~CE features~~ of the model		The simple discussion model allows to assess the effects of building construction on total material use by representing the demand for construction materials (kg/yr), the size of the in-use stocks (kg) as well as tracking the volume of demolition waste flows by material (kg/yr). The total waste flows are complemented with simple assumptions on '''recycling''' practices, which allow to assess the potential effects of higher '''recycling''' rates in the construction sector. Adjusting the model drivers or the floor space price allows to assess the effects of '''rethink'''ing the ever growing need for floor space by assuming smaller houses or lower per capita floor space demand.

	~~=== R Words coverage and implemented in~~ the ~~model ===~~		The model is mostly suited however, to show the effect of '''reducing''' material demand through construction material substitution, for example the substitution of typical construction practices based on steel & concrete by wood-based alternatives.

	=== CE strategies and connection with climate change mitigation. ===		=== CE strategies and connection with climate change mitigation. ===
	- The model allows to assess the		The model allows to assess the reduction potential in terms of reduced material inputs into the construction sector. The implications in terms of Greenhouse Gas emissions are not explicitly covered in the simple discussion model, but (if required) could be explored in the same way as done in the example by (Zhang et al., 2021).

	=== Synergies and trade-off between the R word in the context of the stylized model ===		=== Synergies and trade-off between the R word in the context of the stylized model ===
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	Not yet implemented, planned model developments, if any.		Not yet implemented, planned model developments, if any.

			== Sources ==


			'''Deetman et al. 2020''' - "Modelling global material stocks and flows for residential and service sector buildings towards 2050", Journal of Cleaner Production, Volume 245, 1 February 2020, 118658, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118658

			'''Zhang et al. 2021''' - "Global greenhouse gas emissions from residential and commercial building materials and mitigation strategies to 2060" ''Nature Commun''ications Volume 12, 6126 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-26212-z

Sebastiaan.deetman: /* Setting-up Documentation */

2023-08-31T07:39:49Z

Setting-up Documentation

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:39, 31 August 2023
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	~~'''INCOMPLETE PAGE'''~~		[UNDER DEVELOPMENT]

	== General Scope and Connection with Climate Mitigation ==		== General Scope and Connection with Climate Mitigation ==
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	=== Introduction ===		=== Introduction ===

	~~Provide context~~ and ~~general introduction to the~~ model. ~~A visual representation of~~ the model would be ~~great~~ (~~can also~~ be ~~added~~ in the ~~next section~~).		The simple MS Excel model served as input to a discussion on how macro-economic representation of Circular Economy strategies relevant to building construction could be improved based on available Industrial Ecology data (such as material intensities per unit of floorspace) and tools (such as dynamic stock modelling).

			The reason for focusing on buildings only, in this example model, is that buildings comprise an important part of in-use material stocks and their long lifetimes cause a typical lag between material demand (for construction) and waste-generation (after demolishing). This is an important dynamic when studying the potential for a Circular Economy (or a circular construction sector) that is typically missing in macro-economic modelling. This model explores which steps and what data would be required for economic models to better capture these explicit material-related stock dynamics, with buildings as an example.

			The model provides a hypothetical example-setup - in an Input-Output Table data structure - that starts with the assumption that it is possible to dis-aggregate the economic data on the construction sector into building-related construction & other construction activities (mostly related to infrastructure). This should be possible based on NACE rev. 2 classification (building-related construction activities are tracked under code F41), and would allow to connect to a wealth of knowledge on building-related material demand in the research field of Industrial Ecology that often relate building material use to the physical floorspace (in square meters) of the buildings.

	=== Model Scope ===		=== Model Scope ===

	~~Add~~ the ~~scope~~ of the ~~model~~. ~~Geographical~~, ~~Time, Decision, Sectors~~, ~~Materials~~, ~~Products~~.		Though the model provides a hypothetical case study, the example setup has a global geographic coverage (with a distinction between 2 regions, being Europe and the 'Rest of the World'). The dynamic changes are tracked over a 10 year period. Drivers of growth are exogenous through hypothetical population change, leading to (simplified) changes in economic activity for 10 economic sectors. Implications on material demand are only elaborated for the construction activities related to buildings, and cover 3 materials being Steel, Concrete and Wood.

	=== Model Development ===		=== Model Development ===

	* Status:		* Status: Finished
	* Environment:		* Environment: MS Excel
	* Documentation:		* Documentation: In-file & on this site
	* Source code:		* Source code:

	== Circular Economy Features ==		== Circular Economy Features ==
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	=== CE strategies and connection with climate change mitigation. ===		=== CE strategies and connection with climate change mitigation. ===
			- The model allows to assess the

	=== Synergies and trade-off between the R word in the context of the stylized model ===		=== Synergies and trade-off between the R word in the context of the stylized model ===

Laurent.drouet at 20:24, 28 August 2023

2023-08-28T20:24:18Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:24, 28 August 2023
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	~~{{Importance section\|date=August 2023}}~~		'''INCOMPLETE PAGE'''

	== General Scope and Connection with Climate Mitigation ==		== General Scope and Connection with Climate Mitigation ==

Laurent.drouet at 20:22, 28 August 2023

2023-08-28T20:22:14Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:22, 28 August 2023
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			{{Importance section\|date=August 2023}}

	== General Scope and Connection with Climate Mitigation ==		== General Scope and Connection with Climate Mitigation ==

Laurent.drouet: Created page with "== General Scope and Connection with Climate Mitigation == === Introduction === Provide context and general introduction to the model. A visual representation of the model would be great (can also be added in the next section). === Model Scope === Add the scope of the model. Geographical, Time, Decision, Sectors, Materials, Products. === Model Development === * Status: * Environment: * Documentation: * Source code: == Circular Economy Features == This section pro..."

2023-05-02T09:09:19Z

Created page with "== General Scope and Connection with Climate Mitigation == === Introduction === Provide context and general introduction to the model. A visual representation of the model would be great (can also be added in the next section). === Model Scope === Add the scope of the model. Geographical, Time, Decision, Sectors, Materials, Products. === Model Development === * Status: * Environment: * Documentation: * Source code: == Circular Economy Features == This section pro..."

New page

== General Scope and Connection with Climate Mitigation ==

=== Introduction ===

Provide context and general introduction to the model. A visual representation of the model would be great (can also be added in the next section).

=== Model Scope ===

Add the scope of the model. Geographical, Time, Decision, Sectors, Materials, Products.

=== Model Development ===

* Status:
* Environment:
* Documentation:
* Source code:

== Circular Economy Features ==

This section provide the CE features of the model

=== R Words coverage and implemented in the model ===

=== CE strategies and connection with climate change mitigation. ===

=== Synergies and trade-off between the R word in the context of the stylized model ===

== Insights for Analytical Framework ==

This section should highlight the features relevant for the CIRCOMOD analytical framework. They should be linked with the previous section which provide more details.
* Key mechanisms and interactions within CE strategies that lead to changes in GHG emissions.
* Tool exploration (demonstrating ideas before implementing them in large-scale quantitative models)
* Communication key CE dynamics (to the broader audience)

== Refinement, Integration, Future Development ==

The following sections are optional and should be completed only if they are relevant.

=== Refinement process ===

Please describe how the stylized model will be improved/refined in the CIRCOMOD project.

=== Integration ===

Highlight the features to be integrated in larger model in the CIRCOMOD project.

=== Future features of the model ===

Not yet implemented, planned model developments, if any.